云南中甸-大具断裂上新发现的地震地表破裂带   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

程理  苏刚  李光涛  尹功明  吴昊  余建强 《震灾防御技术》2019,14(4):797-809

中甸-大具断裂是川滇菱形块体的西南边界，总体走向310°—320°。近年来我们对该断裂进行了1:50000条带状地质填图，发现了断裂活动的地质地貌证据。其中，在丽江大具盆地内（金沙江右岸）沿断裂新发现一处典型地震地表破裂带，长约600m，宽120m左右，主要表现为地表挤压鼓包、挤压垄脊、张裂缝、挤压阶区等，呈NW走向，与中甸-大具断裂走向基本一致。野外工作中，我们详细记录和测量了地表破裂的破裂样式、破裂规模和相关定量数据，利用旋翼无人机测绘了地表破裂带的形态和展布，获得了高精度DEM，分析了地表破裂表现出的运动性质。在已有资料的基础上讨论了地表破裂的形成时代、归属、震级大小，简要分析了其发震断层。新地震地表破裂带的发现为进一步研究中甸-大具断裂活动特征、古地震及地震危险性提供了基础资料。  相似文献   

基于低成本单频u-blox接收机的GPS/BDS定向性能分析     

李江卫  马立烨  吴仁攀  孙伟  吴多 《大地测量与地球动力学》2019,39(3):279-284

针对高精度GNSS定向应用场景，通过实验对比对低成本单频u-blox接收机的数据质量和解算精度。结果表明，u-blox接收机GPS、BDS观测值的信噪比略低于测量型接收机；伪距精度分别为0.91 m、0.56 m，相位精度分别为1.35 cm、1.20 cm。在静态观测环境下，u-blox的定向精度可以达到航向0.2°/m和俯仰0.4°/m；动态环境下解算结果稍差，但也可以达到航向0.3°/m和俯仰0.6°/m，略低于高成本测量型接收机单频数据的实时动态定向精度。  相似文献   

Sharks caught in the KwaZulu-Natal bather protection programme,South Africa. 14. The smooth hammerhead shark Sphyrna zygaena (Linnaeus)     

ML Dicken  H Winker  MJ Smale  G Cliff 《African Journal of Marine Science》2018,40(2):157-174

The current study provides long-term catch-rate, biological and feeding data for smooth hammerhead sharks, Sphyrna zygaena, caught in South Africa’s KwaZulu-Natal bather protection programme. In total, 2 512 S. zygaena were caught in net installations between 1978 and 2014, and 72 S. zygaena were caught on drumlines between 2007 and 2014. There was no significant log-linear year trend in the net catch rate over time (slope = 0.0054, t = 1.808, p = 0.07). However, there was a significant temporal increase in mean size of the captured sharks (slope = 0.0012, t = 3.502, p < 0.001). A quasi-Poisson generalised additive mixed model showed that increasing latitude, winter months, colder sea temperatures and the deployment of drumlines all had a significant positive effect on the catch rate of sharks in nets. The size frequency of the catch was unimodal, with significantly more females caught in the nets and more males on the drumlines. The majority (93.1%) of all sharks caught were immature and measured between 80 and 120 cm precaudal length. Teleosts and cephalopods dominated the sharks’ diet in terms of all dietary indices. The prey species consumed indicate that immature S. zygaena are feeding primarily within the pelagic zone of shallow coastal habitats.  相似文献   

2017年九寨沟M_S7.0地震对周围地区的静态应力影响          下载免费PDF全文

靳志同  万永革  刘兆才  黄骥超  李瑶  杨帆 《地球物理学报》2019,62(4):1282-1299

基于九寨沟M_S7.0地震的破裂模型及均匀弹性半空间模型，本文计算了该地震在周围主要活动断层上产生的库仑应力变化、在周围地区产生的应力场和位移场和同震库仑应力变化对余震的触发.结果表明：（1）九寨沟地震造成虎牙断裂中段库仑破裂应力有较大增加，已经超过0.01 MPa的阈值，虎牙断裂北段、塔藏断裂中段和岷江断裂北段北部的库仑破裂应力有较大降低，因此尤其要注意虎牙断裂中段的危险性.（2）水平面应力场在该地震震中东西两侧增加（拉张），张应力起主要作用.在震中南北两侧降低（压缩），压应力起主要作用.从水平主压和主张应力方向来看，均呈现出条形磁铁的磁场形态.从剖面上的应力场来看，在上盘的面膨胀区域内，大部分点的主张应力方向与地表是垂直的，在其他区域内，主张应力和主压应力均以震中为中心，向外呈辐射状.（3）从地表水平位移场来看，震中东西两侧物质朝震中位置汇聚，南北两侧物质向外流出，在震中处的最大水平位移量达43 mm.从地表垂直位移场来看，震中南北两侧出现明显的隆升，隆升最大值达56.8 mm.震中东西两侧出现明显的沉降，沉降最大值达74.5 mm.从剖面的位移场来看，九寨沟地震为左旋走滑地震，且有一定的正断成分.由分析可以推测该断层破裂在大致22~26 km的深度上就截止了.并推测下盘物质运动的动力来自震源北东东方向（四川块体）深度在6~30 km的下盘下层物质，上盘物质运动的动力来自震源北西西方向（巴颜喀拉块体）深度在0~6 km的上盘上层物质.（4）通过计算不同深度上主震对余震的触发作用可知，主震后的最大余震受到了主震的触发作用，多数其他余震也受到主震的触发作用.主震的发生促使了库仑应力增加地区余震的发生，抑制了一部分库仑应力减少地区余震的发生.  相似文献   

隐伏正断层错动致地表破裂变形特征的研究     

齐剑峰  郝文拯  王晓明  张江伟 《震灾防御技术》2019,14(3):628-639

通过建立三维计算模型，对隐伏正断层在均匀错动、倾斜错动和翘倾错动方式下地表土体的应力路径、破裂和变形特征进行了研究。根据地表破裂临界值，分析了工程建设“避让带”的宽度和起始位置的变化特征。根据行业规范，提出工程建设“关注带”的确定方法，分析了“关注带”的宽度和起始位置的变化特征，得到以下主要结论:①在断层错动过程中，位于两侧的地表土体应力路径变化明显不同，下盘一侧和上盘一侧分别以三轴拉伸和三轴压缩为主；②地表强变形带与地表破裂带的分布并不一致，需要综合考虑等效塑性应变和总位移比2个指标来评价同震地表错动对建筑物的影响；③当隐伏断层错动的垂直位移达到3m时，工程建设“避让带”的宽度在10—90m范围内变化，受上覆土体厚度和断层倾角的影响最大，而工程建设“关注带”的宽度在150—400m范围内变化，受上覆土体的性质影响最大。  相似文献   

Imaging the rupture process of the 10 January 2018 MW7.5 Swan island,Honduras earthquake*          下载免费PDF全文

Chuang Cheng  Dun Wang 《地震科学（英文版）》2020,33(4):194-200

The 10 January 2018 M_W7.5 Swan island, Honduras earthquake occurred on the Swan island fault, which is a transform plate boundary between the North American and Caribbean plates. Here we back-project the rupture process of the earthquake using dense seismic stations in Alaska, and find that the earthquake ruptured at least three faults (three stages) for a duration of ~40 s. The rupture speed for the longest fault (stage 3) is as fast as 5 km/s, which is much faster than the local shear wave velocity of ~4 km/s. Supershear rupture was incidentally observed on long and straight strike-slip faults. This study shows a supershear rupture that occured on a strike-slip fault with moderate length, implying that supershear rupture might commonly occur on large strike-slip earthquakes. The common occurrence of supershear rupture on strike-slip earthquakes will challenge present understanding of crack physics, as well as strong ground motion evaluation in earthquake engineering.  相似文献   

Influence of length effect on embankment slope reliability in 3D          下载免费PDF全文

Michael A. Hicks  Yajun Li 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2018,42(7):891-915

Embankment slopes composed of spatially variable soils have a variety of different failure modes that are affected by the correlation distances of the material properties and the geometry and total length of the slope. This paper examines the reliability of soil slopes for embankments of different length and uses parallel computing to analyse very long embankments (up to 100 times the embankment height) for a clay soil characterised by a spatially varying undrained shear strength. Based on a series of analyses using the 3D random finite element method (RFEM), it is first shown that the reliability of slopes of various length can be efficiently computed by combining simple probability theory with a detailed 3D RFEM analysis of a representative shorter slope of length 10 times the slope height. RFEM predictions of reliability indices for longer slopes are then compared with results obtained using Vanmarcke's (1977a) simplified 3D method and Calle's (1985) extended 2D approach. It is shown that these methods can give significantly different results, depending on the horizontal scale of fluctuation relative to the slope length, with RFEM predicting a lower slope reliability than the Vanmarcke and Calle solutions in all cases. The differences in the solutions are evaluated and attributed to differences in the assumed and computed failure surface geometries.  相似文献   

THE APPLICATION OF MINIATURE UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE IN 25 NOVEMBER 2016 ARKETAO M_W6.6 EARTHQUAKE     

FU Bo  LI Zhi-qiang  CHEN Jie  FAN Xi-wei  LI Xiao-li  LI Tao  YAO Yuan  LIU Yao-hui 《地震地质》2018,40(3):672-684

In order to complete the field investigation to the 25 November 2016 Arketao M_W6.6 earthquake, ultra-low altitude remote-sensing data were obtained from miniature unmanned aerial vehicle. The surface rupture surveying has important significance for earthquake research. This paper selects the macro-epicenter of Arketao as the study area. The pictures were obtained with DJI Phantom 3 professional input into the software, the Digital Elevation Model (DEM), Digital Orthophoto Map (DOM) were acquired based on photogrammetry method using the overlapped optical remote-sensing images of UAV. Using these data, we can identify surface ruptures that have vertical dislocation. We selected six feature points and drew the elevation profile. In the elevation profile map, we chose smooth part of the surface rupture sides and obtained the trend line. A stable point in the surface rupture was selected and the abscissa of the point was taken into the equation of two straight lines. Then subtracting the results of the two equations, we can get the vertical dislocation of the surface rupture. On this basis, we chose six feature points and determined their vertical dislocation, which are between 4.4cm and 10.4cm. What's more, taking Bulungkou Xiang in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region for example, we speculated some surface ruptures that have vertical dislocation. It can provide a new method for identifying surface rupture in the field. In addition, we get DEM data of the Bulunkou area where ambient conditions are very poor, by using miniature unmanned aerial vehicle and taking 255 photos. Putting those photos into the EasyUAV software, we got the area digital elevation of 2cm resolution. Comparing these data with RTK data, we summarized some practical problems and solutions in the practical operation and evaluated the accuracy of miniature unmanned aerial vehicle data. The Pearson Correlation Coefficient is 0.996 6. In terms of absolute elevation, the average result of UAV and RTK differs by 156.96m. In terms of relative elevation, the average result of UAV and RTK differs by 9.74m. Compared with the previous test of Pishan County, there is a notable divergence in the results. It shows that the data accuracy will be affected to some extent in the cold weather in high elevations. The specific impact needs further exploration.  相似文献   

大菱鲆体重和主要体型比率性状的遗传动态分析     

王新安  马爱军 《海洋学报(英文版)》2020,39(2):22-27

The objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters of body width(BW)to body length(BL)ratio(BW/BL)and of body weight traits(BWT)in turbot,and to elucidate the genetic mechanism of the two traits during ontogeny by dynamic genetic analysis.From 3 to 27 months,BW,BL and BWT of each communally stocked fish were measured every 3 months.The BW/BL ratio was measured at different sampling ages.A twotrait animal model was used for genetic evaluation of traits.The results showed that the heritability values of BW/BL ratio ranged from 0.2168 to 0.3148,corresponding to moderate heritability.The BWT heritability values ranged from 0.2702 to 0.3479 corresponding to moderate heritability.The heritability of BW/BL ratio was lower than that of BWT,except at 3 months of age.Genetic correlation between BW/BL ratio and BWT decreased throughout the measurement period.Genetic correlations were higher than the phenotypic correlations.The current results for estimating genetic parameters demonstrate that the BW/BL ratio could be used as a phenotypic marker of fast-growing turbot,and the BW/BL ratio and BWT could be improved simultaneously through selective breeding.  相似文献   

Analysis of Safe Span Length and Fatigue Life of Submarine Pipelines     

HE Zhang-feng  WEI Yuan  LIU Shu-lin 《中国海洋工程》2020,(1):119-130

Owing to the complex environmental conditions, suspension could induce complicated forces on submarine pipelines and even cause vortex-induced vibration, resulting in fatigue damage of pipelines. Through aiming at the 28-inch submarine pipeline in the East China Sea, the pipeline was segmented according to the similarity, considering the factors of pipe assembly, typhoon, current, wave and seabed topography. The effects of span length on natural frequency in each section of submarine pipeline were analyzed by finite element model. The maximum safe span length allowed by each pipeline section was verified by fatigue cumulative damage theory, and the fatigue life of each pipeline section were predicted. The results showed that each order natural frequency of the pipeline decreased with the increase of span length. The calculated results of empirical formulas were much smaller than those of the FEM analysis. The increase of the gap between the suspended pipeline and the seabed was beneficial to enhance the fatigue life of the suspended pipeline.  相似文献